How can Member States define and implement Zero-Emission Buildings under the revised Energy Performance of Buildings Directive?
As the European Union moves towards implementing the recast Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), the definition of Zero-Emission Buildings (ZEBs) has become one of the most important technical and policy challenges facing national authorities. Establishing clear and robust definitions is essential for ensuring regulatory consistency and supporting the decarbonisation of Europe’s building stock.
This report was prepared by ENEA within the framework of the EPBD.wise project, provides practical guidance for policymakers, technical experts and public authorities responsible for developing national ZEB frameworks. The report presents a structured methodology for defining and assessing Zero-Emission Buildings, covering energy demand, renewable energy supply and operational carbon emissions.
A key focus of the analysis is the relationship between ZEB requirements and other instruments introduced under the revised EPBD, including Energy Performance Certificates, Renovation Passports, National Building Renovation Plans and minimum energy performance standards. Understanding these interactions is essential for creating a coherent implementation framework that supports both new construction and building renovation.
The report also examines the various challenges associated with applying the ZEB concept to new and existing buildings, highlighting the importance of clearly defined energy boundaries, reliable performance indicators, and the integration of energy flexibility solutions on both the demand and supply sides.
Particular attention is given to the specific implementation context of Bulgaria, Hungary and Ukraine, where national circumstances require tailored approaches and carefully designed transition pathways.
By combining technical analysis with practical recommendations, the report offers valuable support to Member States working to establish robust and effective Zero-Emission Building frameworks aligned with the objectives of the revised EPBD.
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